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Abstract
Abstract – An examination of shoreline retreat is conducted over the muddy coast in the vicinities of the port of Belawan. The related sea level rise is estimated using the well-known Bruun Rule based on the characteristics of mud profile prevalent along the eastern coast of North Sumatera Province. The spatial analysis involved is done utilizing the concept and procedure of GIS. The averaged shoreline retreat over the hot spot area of erosion, i.e. 18 m per year, implies that the relative rate of sea level rise is in the range of 14 to 18 mm per year, indicating an extremely severe rate. In addition, three other cases of simple GIS applications related to coastal water of the port are spatially demonstrated.
Keywords – coastal water, coastal erosion, sea level rise, and GIS
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References
- Miles, S. B. and Ho, C. L., “Applications and issues of GIS as tool for civil engineering modeling,”Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 1999, 13(3), pp.144-152.
- Venigalla, M. M. and Baik, B. H., “GIS-based engineering management service functions: taking GIS beyondmapping for municipal government,” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2007, 21(5), pp. 331-342.
- Easa, S. M., Li, S., and Shi, Y., “GIS technology for civil engineering education,” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 1998, 124(2), pp. 40-47.
- Azmy, A. R., Isoda, Y. and Yanagi, T., “M2 tide and tidal current in Straits of Malacca,”Memoirs of Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, 1992, 12-3, pp. 345-354.
- Woodworth, P. L., Church, J. A., Aarup, T., and Wilson, W. S., “Introduction” in Understanding sea-level rise and variability, edited by Woodworth et al., Kindle edition, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2010.
- Bruun, P., “Review of conditions for uses the Bruun rule of erosion,” Coastal Engineering, 7, 1983, pp. 77-89.
- Tarigan, A. P. M., “Modeling of shoreline evolution at an open mud coast.”Ph.D. thesis, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Malaysia, 2002.
- Prakash, A., “Water resources engineering, hand book of essential methods and design.”, ASCE Press, 2004.
- Sudjana, P., Hidayati, Syahrin, A., and Tarigan, A. P. M., “Index development for assessing water environment in Belawan estuary,” Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Southeast Asian Water Environment”, Phuket, Thailand, 2010.
- Tsinker, G. P.,“Port engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2004.
References
Miles, S. B. and Ho, C. L., “Applications and issues of GIS as tool for civil engineering modeling,”Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 1999, 13(3), pp.144-152.
Venigalla, M. M. and Baik, B. H., “GIS-based engineering management service functions: taking GIS beyondmapping for municipal government,” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2007, 21(5), pp. 331-342.
Easa, S. M., Li, S., and Shi, Y., “GIS technology for civil engineering education,” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 1998, 124(2), pp. 40-47.
Azmy, A. R., Isoda, Y. and Yanagi, T., “M2 tide and tidal current in Straits of Malacca,”Memoirs of Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, 1992, 12-3, pp. 345-354.
Woodworth, P. L., Church, J. A., Aarup, T., and Wilson, W. S., “Introduction” in Understanding sea-level rise and variability, edited by Woodworth et al., Kindle edition, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2010.
Bruun, P., “Review of conditions for uses the Bruun rule of erosion,” Coastal Engineering, 7, 1983, pp. 77-89.
Tarigan, A. P. M., “Modeling of shoreline evolution at an open mud coast.”Ph.D. thesis, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Malaysia, 2002.
Prakash, A., “Water resources engineering, hand book of essential methods and design.”, ASCE Press, 2004.
Sudjana, P., Hidayati, Syahrin, A., and Tarigan, A. P. M., “Index development for assessing water environment in Belawan estuary,” Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Southeast Asian Water Environment”, Phuket, Thailand, 2010.
Tsinker, G. P.,“Port engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2004.